Global Coffee Conservation Strategy published

Despite challenges, world coffee production has grown steadily over the past 50 years, though it will be difficult to maintain this trend due to continued rise in production costs, as well as problems related to negative impacts of climate change and higher incidence of pests and diseases.

A key to meeting these challenges will lie in utilizing the coffee genetic resources conserved in field genebanks, in protected areas, and in the forest to develop improved varieties with drought stress tolerances, pest and disease resistances, high cup quality, and increased production.

In an effort to meet these challenges, World Coffee Research has partnered with The Crop Trust to develop the Global Conservation Strategy for Coffee Genetic Resources. The goal of this Global Strategy is to ensure the conservation and use of coffee genetic resources for a positive, sustainable future of the crop and for those who depend on coffee for a livelihood.

The strategy

A background study was done on the vulnerability of coffee genetic resources conserved ex situ and in situ, as well as on the main constraints to the use of these genetic resources. A survey of the status of major coffee collections was done, site visits were made to seven of these collections, and a study of the cost of conservation of the Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza’s (CATIE) coffee collection was done. The main objective of these assessments was to assess the security of the current conservation system, its significant gaps, its resource requirements, and its significant constraints as well as opportunities from use.

Based on both the survey and site visits, conclusions can be drawn about the current global system for conservation of coffee ex-situ collections.

• The first observation is that it is not a system. The current situation is of a set of nationally focused collections that are isolated from each other and from external users.
• Generally, in most institutions, conservation of the collection is secure due to the dedication and commitment of the institutes and their staff. Everyone is challenged, to some degree, to cover the annual cost for the routine conservation operations.
• The current “system” is not sustainable, secure, cost-effective, or rational. What is needed is a global system that will secure unique accessions as a global resource for use by future generations is required to ensure the sustainability of coffee production now and in the future.

High priority actions

Through the global conservation strategy development, six high-priority actions have been identified to facilitate the transition from the current ‘system’ to a global conservation system for coffee.

1. Secure stable funding for long-term conservation of the origin plus CATIE collections through the Crop Trust Endowment Fund
2. Upgrade facilities and capacity of origin and user collections
3. Use of an ABS that will facilitate germplasm exchange and use
4. Establish the global platform for collaboration in coffee genetic resources conservation and use
5. Ensure the safety duplication of all conserved accessions
6. Greater complementarity of ex-situ and in situ conservation of coffee genetic resources.

Completing these high priority actions

To support this effort, there is also a need to recognize the collective responsibility that governments, producers, processors, and consumer have for this key resource. The current coffee value chain globally has inequity in terms of allocation of value to production by farmers in producing countries versus value addition for processing and marketing in consuming countries. Sustainability of the global commodity chain will depend upon research and development built upon the coffee germplasm conserved for future use. This support will need to come from industry and consumers.

The Crop Trust and WCR estimate it will cost about USD 1 million a year to support the most important collections. A global endowment of USD 25 million, paying out 4% per year, would provide that ongoing funding forever, without the need to scrape together funding year to year. The Crop Trust and WCR will now work to find funding for the Crop Trust Endowment Fund to provide ensure secure funding for the coffee collections, forever.